Citations

Articles
  1. Ackerman, Ethan. "Law Enforcement Collection of DNA." Wiorld Law Direct. World Law Direct, 3 Oct. 2005. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.worldlawdirect.com/forum/law-wiki/8987-dna-law.html>.
  2. "Baikal-Hokkaido Archaeology Project." Baikal-Hokkaido Archaeology Project. 2012 Baikal Archeology Project, 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://bhap.arts.ualberta.ca/>.

  3. Basu, Subhajit. "Human Genome and Patent." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 16.3 (2002): 339-57. Print.

  4. "Battelle: $3.8 Billion Investment in Human Genome Project Drove $796 Billion in Economic Impact Creating 310,000 Jobs and Launching the Genomic Revolution." Battelle: Product Development, Research & Commercialization, Energy, Health & Life Sciences, National Security, Laboratory (Lab) Management, FutureGen & Safety Pharmacology. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. <http://www.battelle.org/spotlight/5-11-11_genome.aspx>.
  5. Baum, Stephanie. "DNA Sequencing Platform Could Help Physicians Target Drugs for Each Patient." Unique Business News on Biotech Companies, New Innovative Medical Devices. 20 Mar. 2012. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.medcitynews.com/2012/03/dna-sequencing-platform-could-help-physicans-target-drugs-for-each-patient/>.
  6. Bloom, Barry R., and Dang Duc Trach. "Genetics and Developing Countries." British Medical Journal. U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine, 28 Apr. 2001. Web. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1120167/>.
  7. Campbell, Liz. "DNA Collection Laws Compared." IntLawGrrls. IntLawGrrls, 16 Jan. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.intlawgrrls.com/2012/01/dna-collection-laws-compared.html>.
  8. Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. Biology. 7th ed. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2005. Print.
  9. Cass, Stephen. "Cheap DNA Sequencing Will Drive a Revolution in Health Care - Technology Review." Technology Review. Apr. 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/24587/>.
  10. Chuang, Chester S., and Denys T. Lau. "The Pros and Cons of Gene Patents." Digital Commons. Golden Gate University School of Law, 17 Dec. 2010. Web. <http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1171&context=pubs>.
  11. Cook-Deegan, Robert M. "Origins of the Human Genome Project." University of New Hampshire School of Law. Franklin Pierce Law Center. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://law.unh.edu/risk/vol5/spring/cookdeeg.htm>.
  12. "DNA Quotes." Today in Science History. TODAYINSCI. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.todayinsci.com/QuotationsCategories/D_Cat/DNA-Quotations.htm>.
  13. "DPD: About the DNA Patent Database." DPD: DNA Patent Database. Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, 2 Mar. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://dnapatents.georgetown.edu/aboutdpd.htm>.

  14. Fiers, W., R. Contreras, F. Duerinck, G. Haegeman, D. Iserentant, J. Merregaert, W. Min Jou, F. Molemans, A. Raeymaekers, A. Van Den Berghe, G. Volckaert, and M. Ysebaert. "Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Bacteriophage MS2 RNA: Primary and Secondary Structure of the Replicase Gene." Nature 260.5551 (1976): 500-07. Nature. Nature Publishing Group. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v260/n5551/abs/260500a0.html>.

  15. "First Global Congress on Sickle Cell Disease Opens in Accra." Ghana News Agency. Ghana News Agency, 21 July 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.ghananewsagency.org/details/Health/First-Global-Congress-on-Sickle-Cell-Disease-opens-in-Accra/?ci=1>.

  16. "Genetics and Patenting." Human Genome Project Information. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Human Genome Program, 7 July 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/patents.shtml>.

  17. Gitlin, Jonathan M. "The Decline of Gene Patents." Ars Technica. 14 Feb. 2007. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2007/02/7055.ars>.
  18. Gonzaga, Shireen. "John Wiens: Understanding Species Diversity, with Treefrogs." Earthsky. Earthsky Communications Inc., 24 May 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://earthsky.org/biodiversity/john-wiens-understanding-species-diversity-with-treefrogs-2>.

  19. Hayden, Erika C. "Nature | News Nanopore Genome Sequencer Makes Its Debut." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 17 Feb. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/news/nanopore-genome-sequencer-makes-its-debut-1.10051>.

  20. "How It Works." 23andMe. 23andMe, Inc, 2012. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <https://www.23andme.com/howitworks/>.
  21. Hudson, Daniel. "Lecture: Bioinformatics I." Sequencing. ALGORITHMS IN BIOINFORMATICS, 25 Jan. 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://ab.inf.uni-tuebingen.de/teaching/ws09/bioinformatics-i/10-sequencing.pdf>.
  22. "Human Genome Project Completion: Frequently Asked Questions." National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). National Human Genome Research Institute, 30 Oct. 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.genome.gov/11006943>.
  23. Hutchison, C. A. "DNA Sequencing: Bench to Bedside and beyond." Nucleic Acids Research 35.18 (2007): 6227-237. Nucleic Acids Research. Oxford Journals, 21 Aug. 2007. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/18/6227>.
  24. "Indictable Offense." The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Indictable+offence>.
  25. Joanne, Fox. "The Human Genome Project: The Impact of Genome Sequencing Technology on Human Health." The Science Creative Quarterly. The Science Creative Quarterly, Aug. 2003. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.scq.ubc.ca/the-human-genome-project-the-impact-of-genome-sequencing-technology-on-human-health/>.
  26. "Lab Results for Life - Press Releases." Lab Results for Life. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.labresultsforlife.org/news/news_01-18-12.cfm>.
  27. Lauerman, John. "Genome Sequencing's Affordable, and Frightful, Future." Businessweek.com. 16 Feb. 2012. Web. <http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-02-17/genome-sequencings-affordable-and-frightful-future>.
  28. Lei, Zhen, Rakhi Juneja, and Brian D. Wright. "Patents versus Patenting: Implications of Intellectual Property Protection for Biological Research." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 2009. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v27/n1/full/nbt0109-36.html>.
  29. Lewis, Ricki. "Patenting Genes." Columbia University in the City of New York. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.columbia.edu/cu/21stC/issue-3.1/lewis.html>.
  30. "Living with Sickle Cell Anaemia." BBC News. BBC, 16 May 2007. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6646289.stm>.
  31. Luke, Jostins. "Basics: Second-Generation Sequencing." Genomes Unzipped. Genomes Unzipped, 9 Feb. 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.genomesunzipped.org/2010/09/basics-second-generation-sequencing.php>.
  32. Merz, Jon F. "What Are Gene Patents and Why Are People Worried about Them?" NIHPA Author Manuscripts. NIH. Web. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2220018/>.
  33. Mizrachi, Ilene. "GenBank: The Nucleotide Sequence Database." The NCBI Handbook. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Web. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21105/>.
  34. Niedringhaus TP, D Milanova, MB Kerby, MP Snyder, AE Barron. Landscape of next-generation sequencing technologies. Analytical Chemistry. 2011 Jun 15;83(12):4327-41. Review.
  35. Norrgard, Karen. "Diagnostic Testing and the Ethics of Patenting DNA." Scitable. Nature. Web. <http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/diagnostic-testing-and-the-ethics-of-patenting-709>.
  36. "Over the Horizon: A Moore's Law for Genetics - Technology Review." Technology Review. Apr. 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/24590/?a=f>.

  37. "Oxford Nanopore Announces Licence Agreement with Harvard University for Graphene DNA Sequencing Oxford Nanopore Announces Licence Agreement with Harvard University for Graphene DNA Sequencing." Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd, 11 Mar. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://www.nanoporetech.com/news/press-releases/view/18>.

  38. Pettersson, E, J. Lundeberg, and A. Ahmadian. "Generations of Sequencing Technologies." Genomics 93.2 (2009): 105-11. Print.
  39. Pollack, Andrew. "DNA Sequencing Caught in Deluge of Data." Nytimes.com. 30 Nov. 2011. Web. <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/business/dna-sequencing-caught-in-deluge-of-data.html?_r=2>.
  40. Rath, Arun. "Is The 'CSI Effect' Influencing Courtrooms?" NPR. NPR, 06 Feb. 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. <http://www.npr.org/2011/02/06/133497696/is-the-csi-effect-influencing-courtrooms>.
  41. Robertson, J. A. "The $1000 Genome: Ethical and Legal Issues in Whole Genome Sequencing of Individuals." The American Journal of Bioethics (2003). Print.

  42. Saccone, C., and Graziano Pesole. Handbook of Comparative Genomics: Principles and Methodology. New York: Wiley-Liss, 2003. 133. Print.

  43. Shelton, Donald E. "Juror Expectations for Scientific Evidence in Criminal Cases: Perceptions and Reality about the "CSI Effect" Myth" Npr.org. Web. <http://media.npr.org/documents/2011/feb/shelton-CSI-study.pdf>.
  44. Schadt, E. E., S. Turner, and A. Kasarskis. "A Window into Third-generation Sequencing." Human Molecular Genetics 19.R2 (2010): R227-240. Human Molecular Genetics. Oxford Journals, 21 Sept. 2010. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/R2/R227.full>.
  45. Timmer, John. "ACLU Wants Patents on Gene Tests Declared Unconstitutional." Ars Technica. Condé Nast, 13 May 2009. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. <http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2009/05/aclu-wants-patents-on-gene-tests-declared-unconstitutiona.ars>.
  46. Timmer, John. "Complete Genomics Produces a Cheap—well, $5,000—human Genome." Ars Technica. Condé Nast, 5 Nov. 2009. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2009/11/complete-genomics-produces-a-cheapwell-5000human-genome.ars>.
  47. Timmer, John. "DNA Sequencing Gets SOLiD with Built-in Error Detection." Ars Technica. Condé Nast, 28 Dec. 2009. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://arstechnica.com/science/guides/2009/12/dna-sequencing-gets-solid-with-built-in-error-detection.ars>.
  48. Timmer, John. "Reading DNA with Silicon—or via the Glow of Fireflies." Ars Technica. Condé Nast, 2 May 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://arstechnica.com/science/guides/2010/05/reading-dna-with-siliconor-via-the-glow-of-firefliesreading-dna-with-siliconor-via-the-glow-of-fireflies.ars>.
  49. Toms, Sarah. "GM Rice: A Growing Philippines Debate." BBC News. BBC, 26 Sept. 2003. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3139440.stm>.
  50. Using DNA to Solve Cold Cases. Rep. no. 194197. U.S. Department of Justice, July 2002. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/194197.pdf>.
  51. Weigmann, Katrin. "The Code, the Text and the Language of God." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, 2004. Web. 26 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v5/n2/full/7400069.html>.
  52. Zacharis, Constantinos. "Capillary Electrophoresis." SciVerse. SciVerse, 18 Jan. 2009. Web. 1 Apr. 2012. <http://www.scitopics.com/Capillary_Electrophoresis.html>.
    Pictures
  1. Background image: http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs49/i/2009/219/d/4/DNA_Wallpaper_by_san_neechan.jpg
  2. Tree: http://www.tree-pictures.com/willow_tree.jpg
  3. Construction Workers: http://decodingdna.yolasite.com/resources/5412223-construction-workers-reading-blueprint-on-building-site.jpg
  4. Double Helix Structure: http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/Images3/dblhelx1.gif
  5. Gene facts: http://images.businessweek.com/cms/2012-02-16/etc_opener08__01__popup.jpg
  6. Human Karyotype: http://decodingdna.yolasite.com/resources/karyotype.jpg
  7. Gel Electrophoresis: http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch20/20_08GelElectrophoresis.jpg
  8. Capillary Electrophoresis: http://images.suite101.com/1291728_com_electropho.gif
  9. Capillary Electrophoresis Data: http://www.nnf.com.au/platforms/images/genomicsimagelink12.JPG
  10. Human Genome Project: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml
  11. Shotgun Sequencing: http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/bres/v35n3-4/34.jpg
  12. Cost per Megabase: http://fundscience.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/cost_per_megabase.jpg
  13. 23 and Me: https://www.23andme.com/
  14. Health Overview: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uvUVQ27A8EM/Tq5_CkOs9-I/AAAAAAAAAK4/h6ji1O611ME/s1600/23andMe+health+overview.png
  15. Illumina Logo: http://www.lindinglab.org/external-files/images/HighRes_LOGO_CMYK_new.png/image
  16. Illumina Reverse Terminator Sequencing: http://seqanswers.com/forums/images/content/ilmn-step1-6.jpg
  17. Pyrophosphate Production: http://static.arstechnica.com/04-28-2010/pyrophosphate_production.gif
  18. SOLiD Process: http://static.arstechnica.com/DNA_Sequencing/SOLiD_process.png
  19. SOLiD Readout: http://static.arstechnica.com/DNA_Sequencing/SOLiD_readout.png
  20. Pacific Biosciences logo: http://www.pacificbiosciences.com/newbio/images/logo.jpg
  21. Image by HeliScope: http://www.helicosbio.com/Portals/0/technology/tSMS%20image%203.jpg
  22. DNA Nanoballs: http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v28/n1/images/nbt0110-43-F1.gif
  23. DNA Ligase making DNA loops: http://static.arstechnica.com/Science/DNA/dna_ligase_spiral.png
  24. Amplification Process: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_VyTCyizqrHs/SOow5HldTqI/AAAAAAAABco/5DjwO06ftgs/s1600-h/completegenomics.jpg
  25. Ion Torrent Steps: http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/Sequencing/Semiconductor-Sequencing/Semiconductor-Sequencing-Technology/Ion-Torrent-Technology-How-Does-It-Work.html
  26. Oxford Nanopore MinION: http://www.cidbio.org/index/images/stories/mini-ion.jpg
  27. DNA Sequencing by a Single Nanopore: http://decodingdna.yolasite.com/resources/DNA_strand_sequencing_side_Oxford_Nanopore.jpg.opt401x225o0,0s401x225.jpg
  28. Nanopore DNA Sensing: http://www.nanoporetech.com/uploads/Technology_New/Introduction_To_Nanopore_Sensing/Nanopore_sensing_101_0_rs.jpg
  29. Graphene Nanopore: http://www.nanoporetech.com/uploads/Technology_New/Introduction_To_Nanopore_Sensing/Graphene_DNA_Harvard_ONT_2011_1_rs.jpg
  30. Debate: http://my.hsj.org/Portals/2/Schools/1402/Article328825_Debate.jpg
  31. Gene Patent: http://www.american.com/archive/2009/may-2009/decoding-the-use-of-gene-patents/FeaturedImage
  32. Gene Patent Cartoon: http://www.biopoliticaltimes.org/img/original/gene_patent_cartoon_madden.jpg
  33. Breast Cancer Cartoon: http://www.biopoliticaltimes.org/article.php?id=6051
  34. DNA Based Patents: graph data taken from http://dnapatents.georgetown.edu/aboutdpd.htm
  35. Scientist: http://www.showboatentertainment.com/images/portfolio/illustration/scientific_big/Scientist_Scientific_Illustration.jpg
  36. Two Much Information: http://www.scientificamerican.com/media/inline/too-much-information_1.jpg
  37. Hilter: http://www.historyguy.com/wars_of_adolf_hitler.htm#.T3jPBYGA2O4
  38. Genetics Discrimination Cartoon: http://comics.dp.cx/2008.12.07/Mostly%20Business-2008.12.07.gif
  39. PKU: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/pku/images/PKUpthwy.jpg
  40. DNA Array: http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourgenes/Whydoscientistsstudygenes/WhatisDNAsequencing/~/media/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/What%20is%20a%20DNA%20chip.jpg?rand=466906185
  41. Vaccine: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/12/05/world/05meningitis-span/05meningitis-span-articleLarge.jpg
    Company Websites
  1. 23 and Me
  2. Illumina, Inc.
  3. 454 Life Sciences
  4. Pacific Biosciences
  5. Helicos Biosciences
  6. Complete Genomics
  7. Applied Biosystems
  8. Oxford Nanopore Technology

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